Localization of SMO promotes intracellular signal transmission to Primary cilium is composed of nine microtubule doublets, withoutĬentral microtubule pairs and dynein arms, which are found in the Protrusion can be found in almost all cell types. Translocation of smoothened, frizzled class receptor (SMO)Ĭell membrane in the region of the primary cilium ( 18). The pathway is regulated by the SHH signaling ligand, which canīind to patched 1 (PTCH1) receptor ( 16). Includes several proteins involved in signal transmission from the This signaling plays an important role in human embryonicĭevelopment, as well as in maintaining the homeostasis of organisms Nusslein-Volhard and Wieschaus during their studies on D. The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is anĮvolutionary conserved molecular cascade discovered by Required to improve the therapeutic process. Predictive clinical and molecular targets for modern drugs are
Stages, which often leads to a diagnosis of invasive or metastaticĭisease and treatment difficulties ( 1, 3, 9, 10). Of defined tumors is a lack of characteristic symptoms in the early With high incidence and mortality rates worldwide ( 8). Progression and treatment strategies ( 1- 7).Īmong these, prostate and cervical cancers (CCs) are associated Group of cancers with differences in etiology, rapidity of Genitourinary and gynecological cancers are a wide The findings of the present review may support future studies on the treatment of and/or molecular targets for gynecological and genitourinary cancers. However, currently, neither are SHH pathway elements included in panels of prognostic/therapeutic molecular patterns in any of the discussed cancers, nor have the drugs targeting SMO or GLIs been approved for therapy. Reports associated with common deficits and de‑regulations of the SHH pathway were summarized, despite the differences in molecular and histological patterns among these malignancies. The aim of the present review was to summarize significant findings with regards to the expression of the SHH pathway components in kidney, bladder, ovarian, cervical and prostate cancer.
In addition, the three possible mechanisms of the cellular SHH cascade in cancer tissue are discussed. The present review aimed to provide an in‑depth summary of the SHH signaling pathway, including the characterization of its major components, the mechanism of its upstream regulation and non‑canonical activation, as well as its interactions with other cellular pathways. The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway is an evolutionary conserved molecular cascade, which is mainly associated with the development of the central nervous system in fetal life. Mortality is frequently affected by late diagnosis or therapeutic difficulties. Cancers of the urinary tract, as well as those of the female and male reproductive systems, account for a large percentage of malignancies worldwide.
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